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Injuries included closed head 88%, penetrating abdomen/chest 6%, and other 6%.
The surgical technique included closed reduction or limited open reduction through a 2-cm longitudinal midline incision.
The questionnaire included closed and open questions.
The survey questionnaire included closed and open-ended questions and usually lasted from around 30 min to 1 h.
We included closed fracture, pathological, and stress fracture as a proxy of osteoporosis-related fracture but we were unable to review patients' medical records to validate this assumption.
Schmitz et al when investigating the effect of smoking on tibial shaft healing, only included closed and Grade I open tibial fractures.
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Big Ticket includes closed sales from the seven days ending Wednesday.
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