Several studies have investigated the influence of health insurance on other issues including utilisation of maternal health care services and medical out-of-pocket expenses [13, 22, 25 29].
Other recorded variables included utilisation of inhaled HS, airway-clearance methodologies, demographics, sputum culture results and spirometric indices.
Resistance to targeted signal transduction agents is common, arising via multiple mechanisms including utilisation of compensatory feedback loops or alternative signalling pathways.
Assessment of the role of health research in policy-making is best undertaken as part of a wider study that also includes utilisation of health research by industry, medical practitioners, and the public.
Health care utilisation was estimated for each state from GPRD records, including utilisation of primary care (family practice consultations, telephone consultations, home visits and emergency and out-of-hours consultations), secondary care (including hospital admissions, outpatient visits, day case visits and emergency visits) and prescriptions.
The diary includes utilisation and out-of-pocket costs for services such as hospitalisation, medication, other allied health consultations and use of alternative therapies.
30 31 Health-related behaviours, including utilisation and knowledge of health services, were also assessed by asking respondents whether and where they had received a health check-up within the past year and whether they had sought medical consultation within the past year.
The survey consisted of 50 items covering demographics, health service utilisation (including use of complementary medicine), health status, health literacy and health communication.
It tabulates results in the form of six composite measures including two pain severity measures (one for neck pain and one for arm pain), a functional disability measure, a psychological distress measure, a physical symptom measure and a healthcare utilisation measure which includes use of narcotic analgaesics and psychoactive drugs.
We have previously reported that the standard tissue engineering approach to provide solutions for impaired fracture healing, bone restoration and regeneration must include the utilisation of growth factors, scaffolds, mesenchymal stem cells and an optimal mechanical environment (diamond concept).
