Recent harsher punishments include the imprisonment of Malaysian citizens — Muslims and non-Muslims — who appeared in YouTube videos deemed to violate Islamic standards.
That would include the imprisonment of 45,000 people, detention of 113,000 people, many more purges, more so-called suicides of inmates in prisons, tortures, and kidnappings.
He was one of the architects of the Final Solution, which included the imprisonment and murder of thousands of gay men.
Still, with a few exceptions, including the imprisonment of Mr. Surkov's former boss from the private sector, the oil tycoon Mikhail B. Khodorkovsky, outright repression was rare during Mr. Putin's first two terms as president.
However, all the senior officials responsible for the crackdown remained in their posts, and the government continued many of the abusive practices detailed in the report, including the imprisonment of opposition activists.
Sisi's efforts have included the imprisonment of activists who played key roles in toppling the country's longtime dictator, Hosni Mubarak, in 2011, and banning "the only two political parties that managed to lead the country in the past decade".
A series of other blows followed, including the imprisonment in Russia of his close friend, the photographer Denis Sinyakov, who may face a prison sentence of more than 10 years because he was photographing activism by Greenpeace in the Russian Arctic.
Some of its offshoot groups, like Hamas, have engaged in terrorism, but the Brotherhood never endorsed acts of violence in Egypt, despite decades of oppression under Mubarak that included the imprisonment of most of its leaders.
The advice reflects the frustration of the foreign secretary, Jeremy Hunt, at the way in which the Iranians are treating dual-national consular cases, including the imprisonment of Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe.
Meanwhile, Human Rights Watch has documented ongoing practices of detention without trial, torture and undue sentencing – including the imprisonment of juveniles – well into 2013.
Once known as "British Accra," it was home to the colonisers and hosted a number of events integral to Ghana's history, including the imprisonment of the country's independence leader, Kwame Nkrumah, at James Fort Prison.
