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The relative change in the amplitude of tympanic membrane oscillations exhibited a characteristic asymmetric course across the angles of incidence tested (Fig. 3A).
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HIV surveillance occurs at maternal-child health clinics, but it is not known if pregnancy affects HIV incidence testing.
HIV-positive patients for whom the CD4+ T cell count was ≤200 and who self-identified as on antiretroviral treatment (ART) were excluded from further HIV incidence testing.
Using a longitudinal dataset obtained during the first MC randomized controlled trial [ 5], we were able to demonstrate for the first time that the effect of the intervention could have been approximately estimated by HIV incidence testing applied to blood samples collected at the final follow-up visit.
However, there will be issues, expected or otherwise, that are unique to incidence testing and particularly to population-based versus cohort-based settings.
The availability of tests for determining incidence has multiple potential advantages, not the least of which is that an incidence testing program can easily be superimposed on surveillance programs for HIV-1 prevalence.
Some studies have highlighted the difficulties of using incidence testing for estimating HIV incidence [ 17- 19].
HIV incidence testing has been used in some studies to assess trends and risk factors for HIV incidence [ 22, 23].
During the observation period, the proportion of SD cases (prevalence and incidence tests) in women aged 50 69 years old increased from 23.4 to 45.8% of the whole incidence rate.
In contrast, some studies found a good concordance in the classification of recent HIV-1 infections between incidence testing and in the correlates of acquisition of infection [ 21].
We considered three popular tests among several existing ones: a test based on recurrence data proposed by Peto, the cause-specific test and the cumulative incidence test proposed by Gray.
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