In addition, the incidence curve for the low HIV and high malaria grouping had an artificially high peak in the 35- to 39-year-old age group, which was due to the assumption we made that, across the rows in our incidence reference grid, the middle cell is the average of the 2 cells on each side.
If a matrix cell had only 1 incidence reference, the minimum and maximum incidences were calculated by using the median to mean ratio of cell A. If a cell did not have a source, we extrapolated incidence rates by using existing data, with the assumption that the middle cell was the mean of the 2 cells on either side.
Transcriptome-wide, this typically translated to a 4-fold excess of incidence of reference allele bias in alignments to the reference genome, and a 2.5-fold excess of alternate allele biases in alignments to the alternate genome, though both yielded estimates of 10%% of sites showing ASE at the 5%% significance level.
Australian and UK age-specific cancer incidences were used as the population reference incidences, based on the recent update of the BOADICEA model that incorporates calendar period cancer incidences up to 2010 and country-specific incidences.
The expected number of cases was calculated using normal population-based age- and sex-specific reference incidence rates from a recently published study on diabetes incidence in the Kronoberg county of southern Sweden (15) and correspondingly stratified patient-years in KIMS.
Otherwise known as rate multipliers, IRRs indicate the relative impact of a covariate on a reference incidence rate, here represented by the estimated intercept (which reports the incidence rate of drug utilization per 100,000 individuals).
The region groups were defined based on the RRT modality incidence in the reference population.
It is computed from incidence in the reference period, available exposure prevalence for each period, and from relative risk estimates.
In period III only the 'evening/night group' within the group of non-teaching hospitals shows a higher incidence than the reference group (17%) (H27).
External reference incidence rates for leukaemia were calculated from published general population French cancer registers (Bas-Rhin, Doubs and Isère 1978 1992, Calvados 1978 1987, Haut-Rhin 1988–1992) (IARC, 1987; IARC, 1992; IARC, 1997).
We also computed directly age-standardised incidence rates (ASRs, reference: European standard population, Waterhouse et al, 1976) and standardised rate ratios (SRRs) to compare rates between sexes and over time.
