In many low-incidence countries, trends in TB incidence are driven largely by international migration dynamics [ 36, 101, 102].
Differences in incidence are driven by the relative connectivity of alternate seed locations.
Southern Africa has experienced steeply rising TB incidence rates driven by the HIV epidemic, and now carries over three-quarters of the global burden of HIV-positive TB cases [1], [2].
Drastic increment of skin cancer incidence has driven natural product-based chemoprevention as a promising approach in anticancer drug development.
This relatively high incidence is driven by the frequency of the p.R279W mutation, which is by far the most common DTDST mutation in the European population [Ballhausen et al., 2003; Barbosa et al., 2010; Rossi and Superti-Furga, 2001].
Similarly, the modern Multi-Stage Model of Carcinogenesis argues that cancer incidence is driven by the occurrence of successive cancer driver mutations in individual clones, leading to a step-wise acquisition of progressively more malignant phenotypes [ 7- 10].
The exponential increase in the past 20 years is mainly attributable to cancer incidence growth driven by screening uptake especially of prostate cancer and breast cancer and to a lesser extent to the aging of the population.
29 The wide CI for incidence was driven by the large uncertainty in reported prevalence. 1 According to the study by Davis et al., 15 HCV incidence peaked in 1989 when it was 11.5 times higher than the incidence in 1950.
The wide range of age-associated diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorder, type-2 diabetes, and higher cancer incidences, are driven by the causes of time, genetic and environmental situations that remain difficult to dissect for major effector(s) in individuals.
Incidence was higher for women and young adults – a trend also seen in the Swaziland and Uganda surveys, where the high incidence was also driven mainly by the incidence in young women [ 29, 30].
