With about 2.4 billion people worldwide without access to improved sanitation facilities, there is a strong incentive for development of novel sanitation systems to improve the quality of life and reduce mortality.
However, for drugs that have little to no patent life left, GAIN creates serious financial incentive for development by restoring the potential for up to 10 years of exclusivity without generic competition.
A specified prize for successful development of a particular entity gives a strong incentive for development, but runs the risk of purchasers paying for drugs they may not be able to practically deliver.
For example, the existence of federal flood insurance in the United States provides an incentive for development in high-risk coastal areas (as strongly evidenced in the 2005 hurricane season), which increases the risk of injury and death to coastal populations (Scheraga et al. 2003).
[There is] a basic distrust of the federal government, a Texas kind of distrust: They are taking our land from us". - It would make it harder to protect the very habitat endangered and threatened species need to live by creating new incentives for development".
Alongside tax changes offering incentives for development of challenging finds, such as high-pressure high-temperature deposits, a tweak to the licensing terms sees the window for licence-holders to fulfil their survey commitments lengthened from six to nine years, to help smaller explorers.
Mary Nichols, chairwoman of the California Air Resources Board, predicts that the state's multipronged greenhouse-gas-reduction plan will face more and more friendly competition from other states like New York, Massachusetts and even Texas in areas like creating incentives for development of renewable energy.
Guangdong is a Chinese province close to Macao and Hong Kong, which has attracted government financial incentives for development and high FDI from Hong Kong.
There is at least talk in Washington of providing additional incentives for development of electric car infrastructure and AeroVironment would until it's free of debt with $120 million in cash on hand and its main client the U.S. government is the most reliable payer around," observes Coffey.
Karl Rove, who was a senior advisor to President George W. Bush, raised eyebrows recently when he joined with Robert Gibbs, who served as President Barack Obama's press secretary, to publicly support congressional action to extend financial incentives for development of wind energy.
Subsidies also make sense for 20-mile-range PHEV batteries, both to learn how to improve the infrastructure and to provide incentives for development of better batteries, says Morgan, whereas 60-mile batteries would not be cost-effective at present.
