The UK formally "untied" all development assistance in 2001, with the justification that "tied aid reduces value for money", and tends to lead to inappropriate and expensive projects that do little to tackle the needs of the poorest.
This analysis highlighted the need for rigorous criteria for a correct design, in order to avoid inappropriate and expensive use of road materials.
The resulting debate generates a lot of heat, but ignores the fact that Medicare is on the brink of bankruptcy, already imposes limits on tests and procedures that are available (just as private insurers do) and is every bit as tolerant of inappropriate and expensive care as other coverage is.
Japanese data indicates that the relatively limited existence of primary care and social isolation are important themes in driving inappropriate and expensive ambulance use.
A lack of standardization, particularly with respect to technology configuration, and the excessive use of inappropriate and expensive technologies related to the pursuance of financial interests by health providers contribute to these problems.
In 1989, in a study of Mumbai slums, researchers found that 100 private practitioners had prescribed 80 different - mostly inappropriate and expensive - drug regimens to their patients with pulmonary tuberculosis [ 51].
In 1991, Uplekar and Shepard (10) reported that 100 private physicians in the Dharavi slums in Mumbai prescribed 80 different anti-TB regimens; most were both inappropriate and expensive.
In all these countries, the private sector does not reflect a PHC approach and often undermines it by offering direct access to specialist care that can be inappropriate and expensive.
Cases of inappropriate regulation are expensive, whether through wrong assumptions or simply bad drafting.
Historical approaches to this issue, including seawalls and sand replenishment, are often inappropriate or too expensive.
