This evidence on negative interdependence, which we regard as our most important finding, is compelling, as any inadequately controlled for positive correlation in investing styles will tend to bias us against detecting this behavior.
When analyzing the studies regarding methodological quality we found three flaws: small sample size (of quantitative studies); a lack of nesting effects; and inadequately controlling for experience for early writing.
In addition, we may have inadequately controlled for or missed potential confounders.
Possible differences in the findings among studies are likely related to differences in type of diabetes, sample sizes, or inadequately controlling for confounding factors.
As highlighted in Winters et al's 4 systematic review, most sepsis mortality studies have focused on shorter endpoints, inadequately controlled for baseline comorbidities, and relied on population norms as matched controls.
Thus, the positive relationship between host geographic range and parasite richness could either be a true effect of island biogeography, a sampling bias inadequately controlled for or, most probably, the sum of both.
We may have inadequately controlled for disease-related (silent ischemia, CHF and COPD exacerbations, and medication use) and non-disease related factors (stress, depression) that are known to transiently increase the levels of inflammatory and thrombotic markers independently of PM effect.
If we include cluster-randomised trials and insufficient information is available to adjust for clustering, we will use individuals as the unit of analysis and perform sensitivity analyses to assess the potential bias that may have occurred as a result of inadequately controlling for the effects of clustering.
For example, the only major US study to date that investigated the relation between aircraft noise and mortality 29 was conducted more than 30 years ago, focused on a single airport, and was critiqued for inadequately controlling for age/sex/race, and other analytical flaws.
