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Ivor Bolton conducts a keenly alive account of the Gluck score, in which firm line and powerful gesture are supported by an assured flexibility in tempo and volume.
Specifically, firms with low technological-competence-enhancing capability tend to follow a convergent growth pattern in which firm growth gradually declines, while firms with high technological-competence-enhancing capability tend to exhibit either a sustained or a vicious growth pattern depending on the initial size of their technological knowledge stock.
The second instrument is the annual average share of immigrants in the sector in which firm j operates.2 The rationale for this instrument is that sector shares can be shown to be correlated with the proportion of immigrants in firm j while being unrelated to the productivity of firm j and the error term (Garnero 2014).
Ties between firms simultaneously serve as pipes as well as bonds with both having consequences on outcomes.4 This turns the structure of an interorganizational network into a field of tension, in which firm performance can either positively or negatively be influenced by network position and structure.
In an study performed on firm performance, perceived performance is defined as an indicator including growth, firm profitability and market share in which firm growth and profitability are the essential parts of a firm's performance and those are measured to evaluate the competitiveness of the firm (Soininen, Martikainen, Puumalainen, & Kyläheiko, 2012).
With respect to the measurement of the cost of equity capital, we adhere to suggestions made by Gebhardt et al. (2001), as well as Hail (2002), to compute the ex-ante cost rate via the 'residual income model', in which firm value is represented as a function of forecasted accounting data subject only to the 'clean surplus relation'.
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research, in which firms produce reports about companies while the bankers are helping take them public.
But an economy in which firms can only operate with rates at rock bottom is a brittle one.
An arms race evolved, in which firms developed ever more sophisticated proprietary products, options, swaps, and derivatives.
Yet in a highly competitive market, in which firms have little pricing power, productivity gains are more likely to be passed on to consumers in lower prices.
In the suit, they portray a corrupt deal culture in which firms submitted sham bids and secretly allocated deals among themselves.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com