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The proteolytic digestion of plasminogen in vitro yields several low molecular weight variants viz. the kringle-less catalytic domain, known as micro-plasminogen (microPG), or miniplasminogen (miniPG), which consists of microPG with an intact kringle-5 domain.
In search of a putative mechanism mediating recognition and regulation of released microbial metalloproteinases we determined that thermolysin-mediated hydrolysis of G. mellonella haemolymph proteins in vitro yields small (<3 kDa), heat-stable molecules which were discovered to represent potent elicitors of humoral immune responses when injected into untreated larvae.
Calpain cleavage of recombinant mHDx-1 in vitro yields fragments of sizes corresponding to this prediction.
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Reprogramming of antral stomach cells assembled into bioengineered mini-organs in vitro yielded transplantable units that also suppressed hyperglycemia in diabetic mice, highlighting the potential for development of engineered stomach tissues as a renewable source of functional β cells for glycemic control.
Direct engagement of CTLA4 on monocytes upon increasing concentrations of tremelimumab in vitro yielded minor changes on signaling phosphoproteins in monocytes, some of which were congruent with the findings in monocytes obtained from peripheral blood of patients treated with tremelimumab.
Exposure of PBMCs from untreated patients to IFN-ß in vitro yielded a network similar to that obtained ex-vivo from IFN-ß treated patients (Figure 3B and 4B), although some quantitative differences in the interaction weight between the pairs of genes involved in the effect of IFN-ß were detected.
Yan, Zhong et al. showed that HBV infection in primary human hepatocytes in vitro yielded very few infectious viral particles.
The activity of the peptide against grapevine pathogens still needs further evaluation, but preliminary inhibition analysis with a few pathogenic fungi that can be cultured in vitro yielded very promising results.
Based on the observations that growth of 10,000 MDA-MB 231 cells in vitro yielded ∼130 mammospheres, and transplantation of 1000 such cells yielded tumours in most but not all mice, this suggests a TIC frequency in the range of ∼0.1 to 1%.
Studies in cell lines in vitro yielded similar results, with a reduction in global genomic DNA methylation resulting from AsIII exposure (Table 1) (Benbrahim-Tallaa et al. 2005; Coppin et al. 2008; Reichard et al. 2007; Sciandrello et al. 2004; Zhao et al. 1997).
It is known that the quality of the oocyte is the main factor affecting blastocyst yields in in vitro production systems [ 2].
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