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The thermostability of the conger eel galectin, congerin II, was improved by in vitro evolutionary protein engineering.
By applying the experimental data to an original theory of the adaptive walk on the n-k fitness landscape model [8], [13], [14], we determined the k value and other parameters to plot a protein fitness landscape and discussed its implications regarding the primordial stages of protein evolution and in vitro evolutionary molecular engineering.
Such a fine-tuning of expression parameters has been shown to be possible even over short timescales in in vitro evolutionary experiments [ 91].
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It is known that HIV-1 can present very high mutation and recombination rates, however the specific contribution of these evolutionary forces in the "in vitro" viral fitness recovery has not been simultaneously quantified.
The "in vitro virus" is a molecular construct to perform evolutionary protein engineering.
The so-called 'in vitro evolutionary method' using a phage display system has been applied for protein engineering of the antigen-binding fragment of antibodies (Fab) by conducting random mutagenesis at the antigen-binding site in combination with antigen-based biopanning.
Somewhat analogous correlations have been reported between mutational intolerance of sites within a yeast protein domain tested in one species, assessed in vitro, and long-term evolutionary conservation (Koufopanou and Burt 2005; Melamed et al. 2014).
Peptide aptamers (32 amino acids in length) were screened from a random peptide library by in vitro peptide selection using the evolutionary molecular engineering method "cDNA display".
This robustness is also favorable for evolutionary or in vitro metabolic engineering, in that changing the nature of the phase space by mutagenic kinetic parameter variation will not lead to lethal cellular phenotypes.
The findings also suggest nonrandom evolutionary pathways for in vitro fitness recovery.
The combinatorial approach of molecular evolutionary engineering (or in vitro selection) has also provided a new design tool for functional peptides.
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