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Some compounds exhibited moderate inhibitory activities against seven plant pathogens at 50 μg/mL in vitro, compounds 5g and 7c displayed nearly the same or higher fungicidal activities against some certain plant pathogens compared with the lead compound pyrimorph.
The syntheses of eight of the most potent in vitro compounds were scaled up and the compounds were tested in an in vivo mouse infection model to evaluate their efficacy before engaging upon more elaborate compound design and optimization.
Despite having a number of in vitro compounds available, much less focus has been placed on identifying suitable in vivo tools.
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Furthermore, novel links between targets and adverse effects can be unraveled which are of interest in their own right, but which can also be applied to select targets for in vitro compound profiling.
Furthermore, when tested in vivo and in vitro, compound 5f showed superior cardioprotective effects against SD rat myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury over cariporide, representing a promising lead compound for further exploration.
When tested in functional assays in vitro, compound 15 exhibited high antagonist activities and efficacies versus both the A2A and A2B receptor subtypes, with pA2 values close to the corresponding pKis.
Based on the further enzyme assay in vitro, compound 12d was considered as the most promising one, the IC50 values of which were 0.11 μM and 0.19 μM for c-Met and VEGFR-2, respectively.
Based on the further enzyme assay in vitro, compound 12j was considered as the most potent one, the IC50 values of which were 25 nM and 48 nM for c-Met and VEGFR-2, respectively.
Based on the further enzyme assay in vitro, compound 18a was considered as the most potent one, the IC50s of which were 210 nM and 170 nM for c-Met and VEGFR-2, respectively.
Adaptations to the original in vitro model (21) were necessary in order to allow larger-scale in vitro compound screening.
Besides, there is usually no added benefit of targeted compounds in vitro, as compounds can easily and effectively access the target cells, which is not the case after in vivo administration.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com