Sentence examples for in vitro communities from inspiring English sources

2012; Sandiford and Upton 2012; Peschel and Otto 2013) Here, we constructed simple in vitro communities of S. epidermidis and S. aureus to explore the hypothesis that toxin-mediated killing of competitor species (interference competition) could contribute to the observed negatively associated distributions of these species in nasal communities.

Although cumulative evidence suggests that increased oxidative stress may lead to insulin resistance in vivo or in vitro, community-based studies are scarce.

Initially, Mavromatis et al. [ 2] combined Sanger reads from sequenced bacterial isolates to form in vitro simulated communities of different complexities and benchmark assembly and other metagenomic processing methods.

In these cases, instead of obtaining the golden standard, one can design a mock community (often referred to as a synthetic mock community) by combining titrated in vitro proportions of community elements.

Fluoroquinolones display potent in vitro activity against community uropathogens, but prudent use is warranted for uncomplicated infections.

These data show that the in vitro cultured microbial community from the human inoculum in these experiments had the potency to actively metabolize iAsV (Table 1).

The in vitro colon microbial community used in this study was cultured and maintained in a modified SHIME, which consisted of four compartments simulating the stomach, small intestine, and both proximal and distal colon.

We first validated the toolbox by simulating and testing the performance of single bacteria and whole communities in vitro.

Thus, we asked whether the functional traits exhibited by the cultured Z. mays endophytic communities, in vitro, were affected by the pot treatments.

Hence, the latter mutant was compromised in both fitness and virulence, and the former was attenuated in virulence and its competitiveness in the microbial community in vivo, but proficient to grow in the community in vitro and to survive as solitary organism in vivo.

Several parameters chosen were derived from direct measures in the community or in vitro, but others required indirect evaluations.