Analogous to the neurotransmitters stored in synaptic vesicles of neurons, small signaling molecules of astrocytes are traditionally thought to be stored in small synaptic-like vesicles and released in a regulated fashion, which in turn participate in neuron-glial cell communication in the brain [4], [14], [20] [27].
It also seems likely that Aβ1 42 may in turn participate in development of the AEL dysfunctional vesicles.
Interestingly, our previous study [ 24] showed that EPO therapy enhanced circulating numbers of EPCs [ 24], which, in turn, participated in the repair of cerebral vasculature.
These immunoregulatory cytokines may in turn participate in preventing and/or suppressing the possible deleterious after-effects of cell death and of phagocytosis of apoptotic cells.
It seems that small noncoding RNAs, previously thought to be unimportant, play an important role in the regulation of oncogenes that, in turn, participate to disease transformation.
Bearing in mind the effects of pro-inflammatory stimuli on the Par-complex proteins aPKC and Par3 in intestinal cells, we asked whether these proteins may, in turn, participate in the control of epithelial pro-inflammatory responses.
This mechanism raises the exciting question of whether PR rapid stimulation of signaling pathways induces the phosphorylation of TFs that in turn participate in nonclassical PR transcriptional tethering mechanisms.
This carcinogen interacts with rapidly proliferating cells in the terminal end buds, forming DNA adducts, which in turn participate in transforming the normal terminal end bud cells to malignant pathways [ 18- 20].
Phospho-TRP53 in turn participates in the transcriptional activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Cdkn1a, resulting in cell cycle arrest G1/S checkpoint or apoptosis [ 27].
In the model, stress regulates the level of DNA damage (Dam), which in turn participates in the degradation process of Mdm2 in the nucleus.
