Our goal was to study the signal transduction mechanisms involved in neoplastic transformation driven by a biologically relevant oncogene.
In recent years, the field of catalysis has experienced an astonishing transformation, driven in part by more demanding environmental standards and critical societal and industrial needs such as the search for alternative energy sources.
For this, we used three cell lines: HeLa cell lines, the constitutively active Ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells, and the DLD1 colorectal cancer cells in which transformation is driven by hyperactive β-catenin signaling in addition to active Ras mutations.
That transformation was driven in each country by a mix of educational and employment opportunities for women, access to contraception, urbanization and an evolving middle class.
That transformation was driven in part by the economy's need for higher skills and in part by society's desire to give the men who fought in the second world war a chance to better themselves.
In Glenny's telling, Nem's transformation was driven by a family medical emergency: in 1999, his infant daughter was diagnosed with a rare form of histiocytosis.
In addition, gene expression changes during transformation, whether driven by pre-existing or induced transcription factors, occur largely through pre-existing nucleosome-depleted regions.
