Consistent with the fitness recovery observed in this strain, rather than a decline in fitness, the mutation spectrum reported here reflects variants that are either advantageous or neutral in this specific genetic background.
In the SCC lesions of EV patients, cutaneous HPV types (predominantly beta1PV types especially HPV5 and HPV8) have been detected and are very likely etiologically linked with skin cancer in this specific genetic background [ 19], which is supported by HPV expression in skin tumors of EV patients [ 20].
Our findings show that the genetic background partially modulates the Fmr1 autistic-like phenotype, in such a way that certain alterations appear only in a specific background.
Apart from the stratification of the samples according to the major QTL, to identify QTL acting in a specific background, the interaction distance method (ID) (Ignac et al. 2012) was applied.
It is possible that DFAT has a role in cessation of growth of the maize internode in some specific backgrounds, but this should be examined more closely in future studies.
In this report we have minimized the background genetic differences outside of ICOS surface expression by using littermate ICOS+/+ and ICOS+/− mice; thus any defects observed are due to differences in this specific costimulatory pathway and not background genetic differences.
The robot has the functions of autonomous mobility in the home environment, manipulation for small commodities, speech recognition and synthesis in specific backgrounds, movement detection for elders' safety and basic nursing ability.
32 In our study, interviews were conducted by an experienced and trained interviewer with no specific background in the research question.
Mr. Foye, who did not return a call for comment, sits on the board of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, but he does not have a specific background in transportation.
We are aware that the presented topic is difficult to understand without very specific background in wireless network coding.
