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Improvements were suggested using the proposed techniques in the specification, code generation and, verification steps.
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Our DTD provides for extensions to the specification to add data elements not in the specification.
This requires both the correct mechanical characterisation of the materials used for inputting the required properties in the calculation code, and the specification of the different solution characteristics.
The experimental data, together with the generated parametric study results, were analysed and employed to evaluate the applicability of the codified provisions given in the European code, American specification and Australia/New Zealand standard for design of CHS under combined loading.
The experimentally and numerically derived data were used to assess the structural performance of CHS beam columns and to determine the accuracy of the current design provisions given in the European code, American specification, Australian/New Zealand standard, and other recent proposed approaches.
Experimental failure loads are employed to calibrate the specifications in the design codes EC4, ACI and AISC.
The specification and JAGS codes are given in the supplementary material (Additional file 2).
However, the reliability analysis showed that the design rules in the AA Specification and EC9 Code are slightly more reliable than the design rules in the AS/NZS Standard for the high strength aluminum welded columns.
Important recommendations on the use of fiber beam column elements for studying existing R/C structures, which do not comply with the flexure dominated paradigm of walls in the most recent code specifications, are provided.
The experimental results are employed to calibrate the specifications in the codes (EC4, ACI and AISC) for the design of high-strength composite columns.
Flanged cruciform sections (FCSs), as an appropriate alternative for column cross-section in orthogonal moment-resisting frames, need more cross-section specific code requirements in design specifications.
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