In these models, the process leading to the L-outcome (either z-spin 'up' or z-spin 'down') depends on the interaction between the L-particle and the L-apparatus (which results in an entangled state), and the specific realization of the stochastic process that strives to collapse this macroscopic superposition into a product state in which the L-apparatus displays a definite outcome.
The likelihoods calculated in the previous section depend on the specific realization of the channel coefficients h0, h1, h2, and h 2 ′ (for the likelihoods calculated at T0) and h 0 ′, h 1 ′, h 2 ′, and h1 (for the likelihoods at T1).
The specific realization of n i could take any value from the set {1, 2, ⋯, L}, at each scheduling decision point in frequency domain.
The specific realization of could take any value from the set, at each scheduling period.
Note that the value of this LB depends on the specific realization of θ.
Furthermore, the decisions given within a SRCV scheme are less affected by the specific realization of the experimental noise.
We further use the pebble game to yield a decomposition of the graph into factor graphs which may be used to give a user detailed feedback about dependent substructures in a specific realization of a system of CAD constraints with non-generic properties.
In the Metaphysical Foundations, in particular, Kant articulates a specific realization of the Analogies of Experience in terms of the Newtonian theory of universal gravitation.
For instance, in the case when multiple separate minima exist, it would not be possible to know which realization of phenotype A is the reference for a specific realization of phenotype B. However, the fact that phenotype B originates from phenotype A could be used to address latter problem.
The outcomes of both model validation and selection depend highly on the specific noise realization in the data but we have only one realization available.
