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In plants and bacteria that utilize sulfate as a source of sulfur, the first step in the reduction process is the formation of adenosine phosphosulfate (APS), since direct reduction of sulfate itself is extremely difficult.
Thus, NO3- ions are not directly involved in the reduction process of Fe3+ to Fe2+.
Similarly to the oxidation, in the reduction process, two competing processes also can be distinguished.
In biosynthesis of AgNPs using plant extracts, various constituents may contribute in the reduction process of silver ions.
As a result, the ionization process generates more hydrogen ions, which are involved in the reduction process of GO films.
Different influence of shear and normal stress gradients on the fatigue life were taken into account in the reduction process.
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Meanwhile, shoulder peaks close to ~0.373 V appeared in the reduction processes and the currents of those shoulder peaks only decreased very slightly possibly due to very slight dissolution of Na3V2(PO4)3 nanoparticles.
The process is illustrated in Figure 1 "The reduction process".
Thus the reduction process in our reaction condition does not change the antibiotic structure abruptly.
The reduction process occurs in three successive electron transfer processes.
Obviously, in these papers the reduction processes which are involved were not assumed to be 'spontaneous and fundamental' natural processes, but due to system-environment interactions.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com