Exact(1)
Finally, it is important to note that in the empirical analysis that follows we focus on the push factor S ih, or violence in the origin area, rather than the pull factor, or the relative violence in the destination area.
Similar(59)
We therefore examine the impact of violence in an origin area on the migration decisions of people already in those areas.
In the case of IMMIGRANT, if voting is habit-forming as some studies on other countries show, and if the political behavior of the migrants is similar to the behavior of the people in their origin areas – as Pikkov (2011), Akarca and Başlevent (2010) and Akarca and Tansel (2007) show then we would expect a smaller portion of immigrants to cast a ballot compared to the native born population.
The ultimate environmental consequences of labor out-migration in rural origin areas are contingent on the resulting changes in rural household livelihoods.
The environmental impacts of rural migration in rural origin areas are seldom systematically assessed.
The livelihood differences between rural labor-migrant and non-labor-migrant households have important implications for the environmental outcomes of labor out-migration in rural origin areas.
One of the key areas of recent literature on the impacts of migration on rural livelihoods has focused on the differences between migrant and non-migrant households in agricultural production in rural origin areas.
Labor loss increases farm worker wages in rural origin areas, which makes agricultural production even less profitable.
The implications of these findings for the subsequent environmental outcomes of rural labor out-migration and natural resource management in rural origin areas are also discussed.
Implications for the subsequent environmental outcomes of rural labor out-migration and corresponding natural resource management and policy in rural origin areas are discussed.
Under the control of Markov chain, most points of the blue area lie in the origin and this means extinction in Case 6.2.2.
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