Although everyone but the skeptic thinks that there is memory knowledge, it is universally agreed upon that not every belief in memory is an instance of knowledge.
What we know, indeed what we know in the most important instances of knowledge, is universal, necessary, and infinite, as in the case of certain mathematical knowledge.
Now Mary's belief is true, but intuitively, it is no more an instance of knowledge than the false belief in the first step was.
Some claim that the Innate Concept thesis is entailed by the Innate Knowledge Thesis; a particular instance of knowledge can only be innate if the concepts that are contained in the known proposition are also innate.
However, when a person sees that there is a goldfinch in front of him, his knowledge is not derived as an inference from the 'separably describable' visual impressions he has in seeing the goldfinch, but this is an instance of knowledge through observation nonetheless.
A belief can be objectively probable in a way that is completely irrelevant to the beliefs being, or not being, an instance of knowledge.
This constitutes an instance of knowledge flow in which existing native Chinese concepts were largely ignored and a set of foreign theories was simply applied to an alien or exotic context.
An instance of knowledge is better than an instance of pleasure only in the event that it is 'to some extent the actualization of a desire for knowledge' (RG 151).
Thus, even a perfect prediction algorithm will not be able to cope with this movement adequately, for instance in the absence of knowledge about ligand presence or crystal symmetry.
To take these as the paradigmatic instances of knowledge invites a model of the knower as emotionally detached, impersonally oriented to things rather than persons, and oriented in an "objective" posture toward the object of knowledge.
