In this study, we investigate the effect of fragmentation on the flower-visiting insect fauna in relation to species composition, level of specialization/generalization at the adult and larval stages, and larval trophic level.
Using a dataset from an experimentally fragmented landscape in the central Amazon that spanned 11 years, we evaluated the effect of fragmentation on changes in species richness and community composition through time.
This important result is consistent with previous papers showing that not all species are equally affected by fragmentation (Davies et al. 2000; Henle et al. 2004; Ewers and Didham 2006; Hoehn et al. 2007), and hence suggest that the effect of fragmentation in streams and rivers can not be generalized from one fish species to another.
We examined the effect of fragmentation on ORF annotation in 25 Streptomyces genomes using three different annotation types, representing different annotation targets (e.g., Pfam primarily annotates domains whereas COG and KEGG focus more on the entire protein) and sensitivities (e.g., KAAS incorporates annotation heuristics [ 15] whereas COG and Pfam annotations were based solely on RPSBLAST).
There are two aspects: the direct impact on wildlife in our towns and cities, and then the wider countryside which is affected by sky glow and the effect of fragmentation.
Landscape spatial structure, i.e. the spatial relationships among habitat patches and the matrix in which they are embedded, is of central importance in understanding the effects of fragmentation on population dynamics (e.g. [9]).
The data obtained here may assist in understanding the effects of fragmentation on plant reproductive success, and provide useful guidelines for the management and conservation of C. agristis.
In most studies, the effects of fragmentation on such species are analyzed based on Euclidean inter-patch distances.
Rather than comparing forest fragments to continuous forest at a single point in time, we evaluated the effects of fragmentation on changes in species richness through time, focusing on three main questions: Does habitat fragmentation reduce species richness, and do changes persist over time?
Large extents of cacao agroforests (cabrucas) connected to forest patches mitigate the effects of fragmentation in this region.
