Isolation of the six-rowed spike gene revealed that this trait was domesticated more than once in the domestication history of barley.
Afghanistan is the third largest centre of origin for domesticated crops worldwide [ 3], having played an important role in the domestication of wheat, barley (Hordeum vulgare), chickpeas (Cicer arietinum), peas (Pisum sativum), and rye (Secale cereale).
This is most apparent, of course, in the domestication of animals and the cultivation of crops over thousands of years.
A key step in the domestication of rice was breeding plants that held onto their seeds when farmers harvested them.
(One feels the same thing, of course, tasting a California pinot and an astringent village Burgundy: people are very, very good at subtle distinctions in the domestication of grape juice and dog juice).
However, recent genetic analysis has revealed that the grey junglefowl contributed genes later in the domestication process; it is thought that the Ceylon junglefowl was likely involved in the development of the domestic species as well.
The Nipponbare genome sequence has been instrumental in deciphering the evolutionary processes in the domestication of rice (Yang et al. 2012).
This argues against a south Asian homeland and makes a leading role of the Austroasiatics in the domestication of indica unlikely.
In order to resolve the conundrums posed by those issues, it is important to understand the pedigree of genetic modification, which had its inception in the domestication of plants.
Consequently, these BAC libraries should be useful materials for the basic analysis of molecular and evolutionary mechanisms for the rice genes involved in the domestication and adaptation of the species.
We demonstrated that this deletion caused a loss of most of predicted qSW5 gene product increased the grain yield of paddy rice; as a result, this gene may have been involved in the domestication of japonica rice.
