However, the massive and global release of Ca2+ characteristically seen in the cortex of control eggs (Fig. 9A, arrow) was much compromised in the JAS-treated ones.
The TDP-43 inclusions showed nuclear clearance and cytoplasmic accumulation in the knock-in mouse brains whereas the TDP-43 inclusions showed nuclear localization in the cortex of control knock-in mice (Figure 8E,F).
In the cortex of control mice, GFAP staining was relatively weak, almost invisible in some areas.
Interestingly, it was unexpected to see that ATP, which was supposed to be at an undetectable level after 15 min of VF, was merely reduced to 14.02% in the hippocampus and 15.18% in the cortex of control animals.
In addition, Figure 7D shows representative photomicrographs of hematoxylin-eosin staining in the cortex of control mice and mice treated with D-galactose with or without co-administration of EAW.
To further explore this hypothesis, we analyzed the expression of KCC2, a nonspecific marker of maturation of multiple groups of interneurons and pyramidal neurons, in the cortex of control and Satb1 mutant embryos.
For example, in the cortex of control mice, levels of SOD1 range from 0.11 to 0.15, i.e. ∼1.3-fold, while in Tc1, they range from 0.14 to 0.27, almost 2-fold.
Finally, no difference was observed in the number of type I nNOS+ projection interneurons (Tomioka et al., 2005; Perrenoud et al., 2012) in the cortex of control (22.6 ± 0.6 per surface area) versus Satb1-deficient mice (19.1 ± 3.2 per surface area, n = 3 animals per genotype).
Calb1 was observed throughout the subpallium and in streams of presumptive interneurons within the cortex of control and mutant mice (Fig. 3I).
