Although abnormalities in responses to reinforcement have been studied in the context of motivation, they could be related to impairments in executive functioning, especially in the case of difficulties in weighing near-term versus long-term rewards.
Bandura contends that self-efficacy beliefs people's judgements of their capabilities to organise and execute courses of action required to attain designated types of outcomes are central to well-being; unless people believe their actions can produce the desired outcomes they have little incentive to act or to persevere in the case of difficulties.
The main goal was to test the extent to which learning difficulties (such as a reading deficit in L1) negatively affected L2 achievement, and whether language immersion was a protective factor in L2 attainment in the case of learning difficulty.
In the case of the difficulty discovered by Burali-Forti, the consequence for Cantor was that the multiplicity (Mannigfaltigkeit) of ordinal numbers is itself well-ordered, but is not a set: hence, no ordinal can be assigned to it, and the antinomy is resolved.
In the case of recall difficulty, a cue is suggested.
In the case of task-difficulty, those tasks with high or medium difficulty were targeted by an average of 75% of the recommendations, whereas tasks with low difficulty were targeted by the remaining 25% recommendations.
In practice, however, unless they have been grossly negligent, trustees should not worry too much as the government has put in place recommendations regarding academy trustee liabilities in the case of financial difficulties.
In a joint letter to José Manuel Barroso, the president of the European Commission, the two leaders called on the European Union to "examine the possibility of temporarily establishing internal border controls in the case of exceptional difficulties in handling common external borders, on the basis of conditions to be defined in the future".
It is necessary to "examine the possibility to temporarily re-establish controls within [Schengen] borders in the case of exceptional difficulties," the letter continues.
