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Its overexpression, for instance, has been correlated with high tumour grade and increased ability to invade and metastasize, independently of its ability to sustain survival in the absence of matrix attachment [9] [11].
Regardless of this, SpA binding to osteoblasts is an important step as it occurs in the absence of matrix proteins and is most likely the initial event in the development of bone infection.
Teleologically, accelerations represent a fundamentally efficient means of delivering regulatory physical information to the cell, and can be readily achieved even in the absence of matrix strains and large cellular deformations.
This suggests that in the absence of matrix, particles adopt the lower energy, isotropic shape.
Moreover, extensive migration of the cells into Matrigel occurred in the absence of matrix degradation [ 48], which is consistent with our findings.
To interrogate whether new vasculature formation relies on a different mechanism in the presence vs the absence of radiation, we examined the effect of radiation on the development of tumour vasculature in the absence of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a key proangiogenic molecule in circulating CD11b+ cells.
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MSC aggregation occurred only in more compliant matrices (G′ ⩽ 120 Pa), when compared to stiffer ones, both in the presence and in the absence of matrix-bound arginine glycine aspartic acid cell adhesion ligands (RGD; 0, 100 and 200 μM).
Results are presented as dimensionless units for each isotope standardised to counts of Ca, an accepted technique in the absence of matrix-matched standards [ 87].
A co-operation between CEACAMs and integrins would nicely explain the modulation of cellular functions such as cell adhesion and cell survival in the absence of matrix-attachment [ 88, 89].
In these cells, survival in the absence of matrix-derived signals is dependent on EGFR signalling, which is required to maintain a high-level expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL (Jost et al., 2001a).
Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of PEs in drinking water and edible oil samples with good recoveries (87 112%) and satisfactory precisions (RSDs < 8.3%), indicating the absence of matrix effects in the proposed HS-SPME method.
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