Self-reports of sensitive, socially stigmatized or illegal behavior are common in STI/HIV research, but can raise challenges in terms of data reliability and validity.
These organizations tend to be leaders in the field in terms of information validity and timeliness.
The psychometric properties of the translated version are presented in terms of data quality, reliability, and validity.
Nevertheless, further research is needed to assess the validity of the data collected using tablet computers, in terms of data accuracy and user preferences, including both interviewers and respondents (30).
However, in BDA the data is modeled afterwards, and that makes it different in terms of when data validity and reliability takes place.
Firstly, in terms of validity, these data are uncorrected for differential hybridisation kinetics, which can result in unequal representations of SNP alleles [ 27, 31, 33, 41, 42].
In terms of the validity of the data on causes of death, in CVD deaths, we found a slightly higher autopsy rate (28%) among patients with bipolar disorder than in the general population (22%).
This might be advantageous in terms of external validity; however, the data are not easily applicable at the individual level owing to both covert and overt (e.g. preference) variability within this cohort.
The table presents the assessment of possible bias in the included studies in terms of reporting, external validity, internal validity-bias, internal validity-confounding and power.
