In some lakes these protists may be the main consumers of bacteria suspended in surface waters.
They live in almost all ocean regions, particularly in surface waters near shores.
The international team analysed measurements of CO2 in surface waters over a 30-year period from 1982.
But most of the carbon dioxide and the subsequent chemical changes are being concentrated in surface waters, Lubchenco said.
Their low concentrations in surface waters indicates that changes during low-temperature alteration and weathering are less likely.
Thus, changes in salinity or temperature are very small below pycnocline but are seasonal in surface waters.
Basking sharks, those slow-moving creatures that are second in size only to whale sharks, spend their summers and falls in surface waters feeding on plankton blooms.
Exceedances of regulatory acceptable concentrations in surface waters are undesirable.
Substances used in consumer products or detected in surface waters.
Traces of pesticides are frequently detected in surface waters.
Satellite instruments have recorded a band of telltale warming in surface waters of about 1°C.
