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Chronic exposure studies suggest relatively broad susceptibility to cumulative effects of long-term repeated exposure to fine particulate pollution, resulting in substantive estimates of population average loss of life expectancy in highly polluted environments.
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Other covariates such as being young, having low social support and reporting road injury in the past year at baseline had predictive AORs ranging from 1.4 to 1.6, but these substantive estimates were not statistically significant for overall injury.
This paleontological dating is in substantive agreement with molecular estimates for the origin of H. sapiens based on DNA divergence observed among modern human populations (e.g., Harpending and Rogers 2000; Behar et al. 2008; Campbell and Tishkoff 2008).
If the residual plots from these models suggested any persistent non-normality, a sensitivity analysis was conducted comparing models fitted both with and without any potential outliers (since this revealed no difference in the substantive findings, estimates from the analysis of the full dataset are reported in Section 3).
Relative to earlier studies on response styles which generally only verified the existence of response styles, the MIRT model is also capable of correcting ERS bias in providing substantive trait estimates.
Controlling for cigarette smoking by using pack-years did not result in substantive changes in obtained risk estimates.
To illustrate what these effects imply in substantive terms – based on these parameter estimates – predicted probabilities of being in each of the union status categories are calculated for key variables, with values of all other variables set at the mean.
The rates are calculated by estimating the percentage of staff that were in substantive posts at 30 September and who were still in substantive posts within the National Health Service (NHS) in Scotland in the same NHS Board and the same staff group a year later (index 1), and two years later (index 2).
The OpenNet Initiative estimates that about a third of Internet users live in countries that engage in "substantive" or "pervasive" blocking of Internet content.
In substantive terms, it's really hard to justify.
He urged her to engage in "substantive and candid dialogue".
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com