It's more like "in spite of".
Justinian had thus maintained his eastern provinces virtually intact in spite of the vigorous offensives of the Persian king, so his policy on this front can hardly be described as a failure.
But some two years ago the speculative movement seemed to lose all touch with reality; and in spite of occasionally vigorous but more often half-hearted, measures by the banking authorities of the United States, speculative fever spread throughout the nation and carried prices, mainly with the aid of borrowed money, to fantastic heights.
But in spite of the vigorous tectonics that fractured and deformed Zealandia, the legacy of Gondwana is still evident in the modern landscape.
In spite of their vigorous theory, these novel methods suffer from the quadratic modal combination rules, in which the sign reversals of load vectors in higher modes are neglected and consequently lead to a positive load pattern.
In spite of the vigorous denials of some U. S. political pundits, the racial element is obvious.
In spite of a vigorous host immune response, sterile immunity is rarely achieved.
In spite of these vigorous explorations pursuing efficient catalytic systems, there have still been insurmountable limitations in catalytic activity and substrate scope.
Labor becomes obstructed when the progress of the fetus through the pelvis is arrested, in spite of ongoing, vigorous uterine contractions [ 1, 2].
