In all cases, Devonian taxa exhibited a congruent reduction in speciation rate between the Middle Devonian pre-crisis interval and the Late Devonian crisis interval.
BiSSE analyses indicate asymmetry in speciation rates between close and open habitat species, and open habitat species had higher speciation rates (Fig. 4a, b, Additional file 2: Figure S3a, c; Table 2).
A causal explanation for this discrepancy in speciation rates between the derived Teleostei and the non-teleost ray-finned fishes might be the fish-specific genome duplication (FSGD) that occurred in the ancestor of modern teleosts ([ 1- 4] and references therein).
The posterior distributions of the diversification rates are plotted as relative densities, showing a four-fold variation in speciation rate between the Old World Lupinus (λI = 0.191) and the non-Andean New World lineages (λII+III = 0.687).
These accelerated evolution of the genes related to "transport" and "nuclear pore organization" might be involved in the speciation between S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus.
The patterns emerging from these studies help elucidate the role that ecology and geography play in ongoing speciation between the molecular forms of An. gambiae.
Rabosky and McCune (2010) review how phylogenetic trees supporting species selection may show heritable differences in speciation or extinction rates between lineages and or reliable associations between such diversification rates and the possession of relevant traits.
Mathematical models for inversion-based local adaptation and/or speciation predict lower genetic diversity within species in the chromosomal region involved in speciation, and higher divergence between species [ 57, 58].
One way to study the role of genomic rearrangements in speciation is to compare synteny between species that hybridize at low levels.
However, enrichment of substances in marine aerosols, or speciation between ionic and neutral forms in ocean water may increase the influence of this surface-to-air transfer process.
