In some specifications they combine (2) and (3), with state-specific rather than county-specific trends.
We do, however, include fixed time effects in some specifications.
We use the year 2010 in some specifications, but not in the main analysis because the number of banks was substantially reduced after 2009.
The outcome variable is an employment indicator (or, in some specifications, an indicator for having an income above some positive threshold) for individual i in year t.
Furthermore, in some specifications, we also use a dummy variable that reflects whether the worker uses any of the two types of skills at the workplace daily, skills.
The comparison of result between FE models and design strength formulations in some specifications are used to assess the ultimate strength formulations of bridge specifications according to the behavior of current steel compression members.
However, the difference in magnitudes is not especially large, and the estimated effects on total semesters on flagship enrollment are larger for men in some specifications than for women.
A control for immigrant concentration is also included which specifies the proportion of own-country immigrants living in one's MSA.13 Birthplace controls and state fixed effects are included in some specifications.
Moreover, in some specifications, we include the variation of total sales during the recession as additional control, in order to correct for the heterogeneity of the shocks across firms.
In some specifications, although not our preferred ones because of their likely association with unmeasured endowments through intergenerational transmission, we also consider the role of parental characteristics in the production of cognitive skills.
