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We agree that variation in smoking behaviour and composition of smoke in different waterpipe-smoking settings are very likely.
We have shown that measurable differences in smoking behaviour provide a potential explanation for non-compliance with smoke-free policy.
Because the health effects of smoking are the consequence of exposure to tobacco smoke over a long period of time, long-term changes in smoking behaviour or cigarette technology are less likely to explain the trends over the 10-year duration of our study.
But there are many other reasons that could be playing a role, particularly past differences in smoking behaviour between the sexes, said Hazel Nunn, CRUK's head of health information.
We exploit the panel design of the surveys to look at within-person changes in smoking behaviour over time as working time changes.
Objective: to explore the midwife's role in providing education and support for changes in smoking behaviour during usual primary maternity care.
For the first time, we used direct questions to analyse changes in smoking behaviour due to the 2008 financial crisis, comparing socio-economic characteristics of smokers who changed with those who kept their smoking intensity.
Social inequality in smoking behaviour was confirmed.
In addition, no difference was apparent in smoking behaviour.
Therefore, we relied on self-reported change in smoking behaviour.
There was no significant change in smoking behaviour in either group.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com