A framework for in-service knowledge management is then presented and operationalised through an industrial case study.
This enables designers to learn from in-service product performance by informing subsequent designs with in-service knowledge, and consequently improving the through-life product performance.
The findings from the case study demonstrate how in-service knowledge can be captured, fed back and reused for the design and manufacture stages of the product lifecycle.
The pre-course knowledge assessment revealed that trainees had marginal knowledge on identifying and managing most obstetric emergencies suggesting the need for in-service knowledge updating.
They provided tools that could be used to explore gaps in services, knowledge and understanding from an appreciative inquiry perspective [ 83] that helps build the research capacity of whānau instead from a deficit model.
Although there are some internationally validated instruments to assess pre-service and in-service teachers' knowledge of business and economics (Walstad et al. 2007; Förster et al. 2015), instruments to assess teachers' PCK of business and economics are not yet available internationally, or focused on accounting (Fritsch et al. 2015).
The effect is rather forensic — creations as symptoms, in service to knowledge more than to experience.
As a pervasive workplace phenomenon in service organizations, knowledge hiding can cause serious economic losses to companies.
Secondly, alternative conceptions of how quality can be understood and managed from broader literature in services management, knowledge management and ethics of care literature are outlined.
With greater clarity about the construct of PCK of business and economics established in this study, our next step is to explore the use of video to assess pre-service and in-service teachers' strategic knowledge in our three-year follow-up study (Heinze et al. 2016).
"Research is a diagnostic, it points out areas for improvement, either in service or technical knowledge," says Philip Wiseman, a vice president of the unit.
