These sites present elevated SNP densities in response to the rapid diversification of these miRNA, clearly pointing to a prominent role of UTRs in cichlid evolution (Loh et al. 2011).
By 2004, it had become clear that the NHMRC standards required expansion and revision in response to the rapid growth and diversification of clinical practice guidelines in Australia and elsewhere.
Our data present evidences that cetacean TLR4 has undergone adaptive evolution against the background of purifying selection in response to the secondary aquatic adaptation and rapid diversification in the sea.
"It's just part of their personal financial diversification plan," Chief Executive Brad A. Morrice said in response to the question during the Nov. 2 earnings call.
Diversification resumed in the late Pliocene (EA) and during the Pleistocene probably in response to the well documented climatic variability of the Quaternary age.
Together with a high variability of the residues of the reactive site, the different core types and the presence of putative cleavage sites between PLDs, these evolutionary events seem to be linked with adaptive functional diversification of this family, in response to differences in the ecological niches of the insects.
Flowering time varied from the earliest (144 days) to the latest (190 days) in the TDV zone, indicative that this trait underwent phenotypic diversification in response to various local conditions in the course of the long-distance eastward dispersal from the Transcaucasus to Central Asia.
Diversification in response to phage action allows the host community to sample a larger region of the adaptive landscape than mutation alone, increasing the likelihood of discovering higher fitness peaks.
The N terminus of silk H-fibroin was previously suggested to play important roles in mediating the assembly of silk in response to a decrease in pH [ 28]; accordingly, the diversification among the Saturniidae silkmoths suggest a diversification in silk assembly mechanism(s).
These results are in accordance with previous reports, which show that genes acting in response to stress are often positively selected for diversification due to the competition with the evolving effector proteins of pathogens [ 37, 39].
Possible explanations for high levels of variation include diversification on the generation timescale in response to viral predation (Andersson & Banfield, 2008; Tyson & Banfield, 2008), neutral diversification (Acinas et al., 2004) or resource partitioning between closely related strains [<1%16SS rRNA gene divergence (Hunt et al., 2008)].
