The word probability was used in relation to the mathematics of chance in 1662 in the Logic of Port-Royal, written by Pascal's fellow Jansenists, Antoine Arnauld and Pierre Nicole.
It is unlikely that they would be keen to question the same logic too forcefully in relation to the employees of the companies they invest in, as this would inevitably undermine their own justifications.
This seems to be much more natural in relation to the notion of a true futurist branching time logic.
For example, the location of the DAIDS Policies and Procedures cluster in relation to the Biomedical Objectives cluster suggests they assume opposite ends of the logic model.
In fact, the distinction between mathematical and philosophical logic may well be incidental in relation to the overall goals of the subject, since technical rigor and the use of mathematical methods seem to be essential in all areas of logical research.
In relation to the previous step, RAVE.
This review will concentrate on logical AI in relation to philosophical logic, without further comment on relations to philosophy in general or to the feasibility of developing human-level intelligent systems.
It can be wondered how far his elucidation of the central notions is adequate, and it can also be wondered whether he attends to all the notions that need explanation in relation to formal logic (e.g., consistency and completeness).
We then show that the model checking and satisfiability problems for cl-pc are both pspace-complete, and conclude by discussing our results and how cl-pc sits in relation to other logics of cooperation.
Following his 1972 seminal book, Naming and Necessity which explore what names refer to in relation to conversations in modal logic and the study of reference in his 2011 essay, "Vacuous Names and Fictional Entities", Kripke discusses fictional characters by way of pretence.
