One would expect that ecological and evolutionary non-random processes would produce long (in relation to random models) positive and negative tails in such distributions, due to adaptation to local conditions, high spatial covariance of certain environments, and interactions with other species [5].
This study has shown that, in relation to random networks, real phenotype-specific co-expression networks generate larger WNC values.
Sequential sampling models attribute this ubiquitous relation to random noise in the sensory evidence accumulation process, and assume that SAT is adaptively modulated by altering the decision thresholds at which the level of integrated evidence should reach for making a choice.
Finally, a type of Gâteaux differentiability equivalent to that in [19] is introduced for random norms, and its relation to random smoothness is given.
Finally, a type of Gâteaux differentiability is defined for random norms, and its relation to random smoothness is given.
In this case, the random selection chooses samples that improve the results, while the statistical methods choose samples that obtain a small improvement in relation to the random one.
Secondly, financial incentives must be designed so that true differences between practices are large in relation to background random variation.
The evolved phenotypic changes in the small-selected fish were overall relatively subtle and often statistically nonsignificant in relation to the random fish, but they were accompanied by genetic changes and large population dynamical effects.
The classification capacity of the model was remarkably concordant with that obtained on the derivation dataset (tested on qPCR data, AUC = 0.83, P = 0.02 in relation to a random model, Figure 5).
The between-swarm variation in male body size (Nswarms = 10, Nmales = 491) was examined in relation to the random effects of date and swarm (within date) as well as the fixed effect of swarm "phase" (early, middle, or late; see Methods).
The gist of this paper is the determination of the place of the standard code in the code space, in relation to various classes of random codes, and we believe that, in this respect, the model we employ is adequate.
