Although only limited data can gleaned by this analysis, which interrogates only nucleic acids of small size, Casey et al. have shown that msp2 "similarity" groups, reflecting clusters determined by a similar sequencing approach, can be useful in predicting phylogenetic relationships, particularly with reference to adaptation to specific host niches (35 ).
(1) Adaptation is defined through reference to fitness; (2) fitness is defined through reference to natural selection; (3) Natural selection is defined through reference to adaptations.
Postulating evolutionary adaptations only makes sense in reference to a particular environment because adaptations are responses to particular environmental challenges.
[Mach 1910: 30-31] Dinturbancenvironmentsnments cause maladaptations; progressive adaptation only has meaning in reference to that which is stable.
Adaptations of the contingent valuation method (CVM) to this application are discussed in reference to the well-known National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration panel guidelines and recent literature.
In clinimetric research, adaptation is seen as the major mechanism of a positive reference shift, which refers to the idea that patients do not rate their health in reference to an absolute standard but in reference to a relative standard that shifts over time [ 8].
A: In reference to running time, no.
In reference to its carnivorous diet.
In reference to Hutchinson's (1961) solution of the plankton paradox, we argue that variation in gene number and genome size reflects adaptations to different levels of environmental variability and nutrient supply (Konstantinidis and Tiedje 2004).
My reference is to adaptation.
This paper provides an interdisciplinary review on the co-evolving technical and social dynamics of DES focusing on Distributed Generation (DG), MicroGrids (MG), and Smart MicroGrids (SMG), in order to draw insights for their integration in urban planning and policy, in particular reference to climate change mitigation and adaptation planning.
