Hence, the spatial layouts of the best solutions were visually analyzed using GIS-software to illustrate patterns that result in reduced fire-risk at the landscape-scale.
While artificial tethering of the HDAC Rpd3p near to an origin results in reduced firing, recruitment of the Drosophila MYST-related HAT Chameau stimulates origin activity.
We use the largest urban wildfire – in terms of dwellings lost – in California's history to show how the persistent disconnection between material and political forms of vulnerability has, over time, resulted in contradictory landscapes where homes are intentionally placed in landscapes vulnerable to wildfires with reduced fire protection.
In coastal oak forests and pine oak barrens, the amount of young forests and open woodlands may be less because of reduced fire frequency.
In this scenario, a larger MU would be required to maintain a given contractile intensity in the setting of reduced firing rates (i.e. a matching of rate coding to recruitment to maintain a given contractile intensity).
Thus, a D2-induced reduction in energy consumption associated with reduced firing might be coordinated on a long-term basis with a reduction of energy production through the regulation of mCII expression.
For example, in healthy aging, collateral reinnervation leads to recruitment of larger MUs at reduced firing rates to maintain the same relative contractile intensity compared to younger subjects [ 5].
In the direct pathway, loss of dopamine D1-like receptor stimulation leads to reduced firing of GABAergic striatal efferents to the basal ganglia output regions, the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and the internal globus pallidus (GPi).
In the study of Lippert et al. (2010), motion opponency would increase the inhibitory drive, resulting in increased gamma oscillations and a reduced firing rate (Traub et al., 1996; Whittington & Traub, 2003; Gieselmann & Thiele, 2008).
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07046.007 10.7554/eLiFigure46.008 Figure 2 figure supplement 1. Electrophysiological traces showed reduced firing upon knockdown of dFz2.
As an example of the latter, Gichohi's (1992) study of Nairobi National Park in Kenya describes how after pastoralists were excluded from the park in the 1960s, the lower levels of cattle grazing as well as the use of fire, resulted in reduced numbers inside the park of selective grazers which prefer a low grass sward; this included hartebeest, warthog, and Thomson's gazelle.
