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This produced a drop in rat performance (see middle bar in Fig. 3D) that led Gaffan and Simpson to conclude "first, that rats perceived the objects as distinct shapes, not as luminous blobs, and second, that they encoded them in terms of visual features that are common to a class of shape" [147].
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To begin to address whether cognitive function is altered by the loss of FMRP in rats, performance in a hippocampus-dependent reference memory version of the Morris water maze was tested.
Winters et al. (2006) found that infusions of the cholinergic antagonist scopolamine into perirhinal cortex during the delay period improved object recognition in rats (performance following vehicle infusion was relatively poor).
Moreover, SL 650155 and the cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine have a synergistic effect in old rat performances in the object recognition test and in the linear maze [5].
Thus, we could compare actual rat performance in a normal environment having gravity against optimal performance in a theoretical, gravity-free environment.
In addition, the independence of rat performance on the area/size of the objects can be taken as a further demonstration of the size tolerance of rat object recognition.
The aim of the present experiment was to complement these findings by examining whether, in intact rats, performance of an inter-temporal choice task would give rise to detectable changes in neuronal activation in the AcbC and OPFC, as indicated by the levels of expression of Fos, the protein product of the immediate-early proto-oncogene c-fos [15,39].
In serum, we examined 2 key pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α and TNFα), 2 inflammatory chemokines (MIP2 and IFN-γ), and a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) that we have previously observed to increase in young rats performance repetitive tasks [ 13, 18, 22].
For instance, it has been reported that there is an increase in the firing rate of striatal and cortical neurones recorded in rats during performance of a multiple-duration fixed-interval procedure [5], and lesions of the dorsal striatum in rats have been found to disrupt timing on the FIPP [6].
The acute effects of the highly selective dopamine D4 receptor antagonist L-745,870 on rats' performance in a spontaneous alternation paradigm in a T-maze were examined.
The results indicated that ABA (10 μg/rat) significantly improved rats' performance in MWM which was blocked by PKC or PI3K inhibitors.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com