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(2) Does FS in progress tests lead to an increase in reliability of test scores?
Decisions about DKO use in progress tests should be a careful trade-off between systematic (bias) and random measurement error.
When a DKO is absent, less experienced participants in progress tests clearly need to guess more than participants in course exams (McHarg et al. 2005; Muijtjens et al. 1999; Ravesloot et al. 2012).
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The research questions were: (1) Does FS in progress testing introduce construct-irrelevant variance into the knowledge measurement?
Choosing between formula and number-right scoring means choosing between bias and random measurement error in progress test results.
Our results add to the evidence that using a DKO weakens the construct validity in progress testing.
However, it would be useful to evaluate the effect of risk taking on formula scores using questionnaires measuring individual risk taking in progress testing in future research.
Referring to Muijtjens et al., Swanson et al. recommended not to use FS in progress testing (Swanson et al. 2010), and, McHarg et al. (2005) referring to the same article, contrarily recommended to use it because of the reliability benefits.
To study the effect of the DKO on construct validity of FS test scores (research question 1), we investigated risk taking tendency, which is influenced by gender and personality, as a major source of construct irrelevant variance in progress test scores, that are obtained under FS conditions.
The damage to in-progress testing and research will depend on how long the shutdown lasts.
Scores of fifth and sixth-year students on the four progress tests in the academic year 2008 2009 were included in this study.
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