In this paper, we study three base problems pertaining to the design of (u(t)) to create structured spiking patterns in populations of two LIF neurons of the form (3). We first consider the problem of time-optimal sequence control, that is, inducing target sequences with minimal temporal spacing between the beginning and end of the sequence.
Series 1, population P; Series 2, population Q; Series 3, population R. Figure 1a shows the change in populations of two competing species, the parameters being chosen to be similar to those observed in experiments with Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Dunaliella tertiolecta (Okay et al. 2005).
In this study we take advantage of an island-mainland study system to compare defense in populations of two plant species with and without a history of exposure to root herbivores.
In populations of two related species, arbitrary genetic markers showed significant evidence for recombination [ 11].
For example, intestinal parasite burden was significantly greater in low quality, fragmented habitat in populations of two species of howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata and A. pigra) [ 38].
Furthermore, we investigated for the first time the difference in heat tolerance in populations of two European races of the Western honeybee.
Although Gagea graeca was always seen in populations of several hundred plants or more, the slender growth makes the plants quite inconspicuous.
Consequently, strikingly different patterns of genetic diversity were observed in populations of the two species.
Thus, sexual dimorphism in CHC profiles was a significant source of variation in populations of all seven species.
We estimated drought-induced mortality in several populations of three pine species that co-exist in the study area (Pinus nigra, P. pinaster and P. sylvestris).
