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It has also challenged views, still prevalent in policy communities, that local people are either ignorant of the threats they face, or are making poor decisions.
It is during this time that non-state actors can act in policy communities as policy advocates softening up and framing the policy space.
These groups, with divergent backgrounds, opinions and interests, more closely resemble issue networks in which relations between actors are looser than in policy communities [ 56, 57].
One of the issues facing health policy analysts is how they are viewed or 'situated' as researchers, their institutional base, perceived legitimacy, and prior involvement in policy communities.
Over time, such researchers will typically move in and out of various policy networks: sometimes directly implicated in policy communities, other times more loosely as part of issue networks or epistemic communities (Haas 1992) that provide public commentary on policy developments.
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The policy stream, in turn, describes the existence of feasible and acceptable solutions to those problems, developed by specialists in the policy communities in and around Brussels.
The post-Mbeki foreign policy discourse in South Africa is slight, and a serious and focused conversation in the epistemic and policy communities in itself would be a worthwhile consequence of the development of new foreign policy values and options.
In this context, the notion of "dual use research of concern" (DURC) has gained increasing traction in the policy community and, in the case of the United States, has led to policy action.
Haas notes that policy communities in general may be difficult to trace, so their influence in policy development may be underestimated.
Recommendations for primary care providers to incorporate physical activity counselling into their routine practice have been echoed by other organisations in the policy community (e.g. the American College of Preventive Medicine in 2005 [ 51] and the Australian Heart Foundation in 2006) [ 35].
It also provides a forum for regular dialogue between the academic and policy communities in China and the United States.
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