In our previous task-fMRI study, we found that migraineurs exhibited hyperactivation in the anterior cerebellum lobe/culmen and visual cortex while viewing negative minus neutral affective pictures compared with healthy controls, and we proposed that migraine patients may have hypersensitivities to negative affective stimuli or that there is less inhibition in the cerebellum of migraineurs [23].
We performed model-based fMRI data analyses based on an exponential discounting model (see Materials and Methods):
Broadly speaking, the functional network recruited during simple singing (compared to voice perception) obtained before discrimination training replicated the results that we found during simple singing tasks in our previous studies [18], [19] and other singing tasks [16], [17].
In our previous study [ 20], the task of writing the handwritten care plans was delegated to the primary auxiliaries to be performed shortly after the new resident had arrived.
An XY flexure-based nano-manipulator was developed for nano manipulation tasks in our previous work [28].
Five mice were included in the test group and were derived from the seven that achieved a learning criterion for both unilateral and bilateral stimulation tasks in our previous study [20].
In addition, before the fMRI scanning session, we tested both musicians and nonmusicians during a semantic memory task used in our previous study [22] to ensure that they had the same semantic memory skills.
We used the same verbal WM task as in our previous studies (Campo et al. 2005, 2009).
To find out, we used in the present study the same cognitive-motor integration task as in our previous work, which has proven to produce valid and reliable data and to be effective at quantifying subtle cognitive-motor integration changes in those at risk of, or in the early stages of dementia [ 11– 16, 16].
In study I (n=49), we found that the STE intelligence relationship is not exclusively restricted to speed of information processing tasks (as used in our previous study); we observed intelligence effects in timing during working memory (WM) performance as well.
