Through correlation analyses and structural equation modeling, we reveal that music aptitude and literacy both relate to the extent of subcortical adaptation to regularities in ongoing speech as well as with auditory working memory and attention.
We hypothesized that, in combination with auditory cognitive abilities, neural sensitivity to regularities in ongoing speech provides a common biological mechanism underlying the development of music and reading abilities.
Although the failure to encode acoustic regularities in ongoing speech has been associated with language and literacy deficits, how auditory expertise, such as the expertise that is associated with musical skill, relates to the brainstem processing of speech regularities is unknown.
Although the central mechanism underlying the direction of vocal motor adaptation is not well understood, the shift must reflect the operation of a sensorimotor control process involved in regulation of ongoing speech production.
We propose that during natural comprehension, acoustic and linguistic information act in a reciprocally supportive manner to aid in the prediction of ongoing speech stimuli.
A functional differentiation was evident, not only when participants were tested offline, as in previous studies, but also when the test items were inserted in the ongoing-speech and participants were tested implicitly.
Furthermore, pSTS is associated with learning inter-sensory pairings (Tanabe, Honda & Sadato, 2005), with auditory expertise (Leech, Holt, Devlin & Dick, 2009) and shows sensitivity to congruency in ongoing audio-visual speech (Calvert et al., 2000).
Some schools have earned this distinction by refusing to undo punishments of students and faculty for their free speech, others by engaging in ongoing campaigns against student speech, and one for regulating student speech to the hilt.
However, they found that the practice lost its face-threatening potential if initiated by the person with aphasia following a speech error or a word finding problem in ongoing talk.
In his ongoing series of speeches on the economy, President Obama lays heavy emphasis on the problem of inequality.
Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who has ultimate authority in the ongoing talks, said in a televised speech Tuesday that inspectors would not be allowed into military sites and that he would not agree with limits on certain activities, such as uranium enrichment.
