These data parallel observations of MDS in humans, in which multiple alterations in hematopoietic stem cells contribute to disease pathogenesis.
In particular, multiple alterations in cell wall compositions and structures render some mutants not even worthy of consideration as experimental materials.
In fact, multiple alterations to the RAS-pathway were observed within two MBOT and six MC.
Other malformations observed were related to stunted body growth (dwarfism) and localized subcutaneous edema for embryos under Treatment A; and eye (unilateral eye duplication, microphthalmia and anophthalmia) and beak malformations (micrognathia) for embryos in Treatment B. Compound malformations (multiple alterations in a single embryo) were a common event whenever malformations were present.
Our data show that deletion of Cx43 in SCs leads to multiple alterations of gene expression in prepubertal mice and primarily affects GCs.
Cell proliferation, cell motility, and cell survival are regulated by multiple factors, and the changes that occur in cancer cells are the result of multiple alterations in the cellular signaling machinery.
In agreement with previous reports [ 6, 40], multiple alterations in GyrA and/or ParC have been associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.
Multiple alterations in genes that are important in pancreatic cancer progression have been identified, including tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, and genome maintenance genes.
These results demonstrate that prior to the onset of clinical symptoms, scrapie induces multiple alterations in gene expression that occur in both the spleen and brain.
The abnormal constitutive expression of E6 and E7 seems to be a key event in malignant progression of infected cells and is associated with multiple alterations in viral and cellular pathways [ 16].
