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Two CRLH-TL unit cells are designed and loaded in monopole antennas to enhance the bandwidth.
Electron density features derived with the supramolecular synthon based fragments approach (SBFA), were compared to experimentally obtained values and showed a very good agreement, except for some discrepancies in monopole parameters.
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It is shown that well below coincidence the radiation efficiency of simply supported mass-loaded beams is equivalent to the radiation efficiency produced by a series of in-phase monopoles and a series of dipoles.
It is convenient to plot the inverse linear cortical magnification factor because this is a linear function in θ on HM in the monopole map.
These expressions are used to calculate the very close-range electric fields in the monopole (Continuity Equation) technique in terms of the retarded current and charge density along the tower and lightning channel and their results are compared with those calculated from the traditional dipole (Lorentz Condition) technique in terms of the retarded current along the tower and lightning channel.
The successfully designed, implemented and measured antenna has a compact size of 12 mm×12 mm and operation frequency band from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) less than 2. Using the ladder patch array in microstrip monopole antenna design makes antennas flexible in terms of controlling resonances, bandwidth, stable radiation patterns, and constant group delay.
As the meridians in the monopole map change from horizontal to vertical, the inverse linear cortical magnification factor grows slower than linear (see Fig. 3).
Then we introduce a novel design, which is operated in the monopole mode and offset from the central beam orbit to one side.
CSRRs in the monopole antenna create a multiband characteristics and bandwidth improvement, which is analyzed by use of the precise quasi-static design equations and electromagnetic simulation software (HFSS version 13).
A split in the outer vertical arm creates a lower order resonance at 2.1 GHz and the Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) in the monopole antenna is used to generate a new resonance frequency of 3.45 GHz.
In conventional monopole acoustic well logging, symmetrical acoustic sources facilitate shallow investigations, but they fail to detect fractures and small-scale geologic structures near boreholes, and they cannot evaluate the azimuthal properties of the formations around the boreholes (Haldorsen et al. 2006a).
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