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These circumstances shaped the early China coast experiences of the Europeans, who first appeared in Ming China in 1514.
Giuseppe Eskenazi, the pre-eminent dealer in Ming and Qing ware, for example, put on an exceptional show of early Chinese metalwork in gold and silver.
The distinctive new patterns of social and administrative organization that emerged in Ming times persisted, in their essential features, through the Qing dynasty into the 20th century.
Colloquial short stories also proliferated in Ming times, and collecting anthologies of them became a fad of the last Ming century.
It was a flourishing city in Ming (1368 1644) and Qing (1644 1911/12) times, with a walled city divided into three sections by the rivers.
Whereas in Ming times the Chinese organized themselves along wholly bureaucratic and tightly centralized lines, the Ming emperors maintained China's traditional feudal-seeming relationships with foreign peoples.
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Portuguese subjects also pressed beyond the Strait of Malacca to the East Indies, Siam (now Thailand), and Canton in Ming-dynasty China.
We are just as rich in Chinese literature, with Lydia Liu in modern literature and theory and Shang Wei in Ming-Qing fiction and drama.
Our strong Chinese studies program features Madeleine Zelin in modern economic and institutional history, Eugenia Lean in modern cultural history, Dorothy Ko in Ming-Qing cultural history and material history, and Li Feng in early history and archaeology We are just as rich in Chinese literature, with Lydia Liu in modern literature and theory and Shang Wei in Ming-Qing fiction and drama.
Our strong Chinese history program features Madeleine Zelin in modern economic and institutional history, Eugenia Lean in modern cultural history, Dorothy Ko in Ming-Qing cultural history and material history, and Li Feng in early history and archaeology.
Rome, he writes, imploded "within the span of a single generation"; "the dramatic transition from Confucian equipoise to anarchy" in Ming-era China "took little more than a decade"; and the Soviet Union "fell off a cliff — rather than gently declining".
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