ECUs in the manufacturing phase need the verification process in the unified way of the ECU software and hardware components by three major causes: 1) ECU software revision, 2) incomplete installation of software, and 3) quality variation of hardware.
The companies should have communicated their own environmental targets to show they are taking responsibility for the product's environmental footprint in the manufacturing phase.
In the manufacturing phase; fixed, moving and mooring parts are the main contributors and the WECs make a minor contribution.
Although various methodologies have been developed for the ECU verification at the development phase, the ECU verification in the manufacturing phase has rarely been brought into focus.
In the manufacturing phase, research has often focused solely on environmental impact assessment or environmental impact and cost analysis in its assessment of sustainability.
In contrast, the manufacturing phase often lacks detailed data; potential for improvement gets lost.
The market expansion of new and used passenger cars also affects the environment, because expanding the market of new passenger cars with relatively high fuel efficiencies (km/l) contributes to reducing CO2 emissions during the driving phase, whereas it increases CO2 emissions in the car manufacturing phase (Kagawa et al. 2011).
Further, this type of investigation provided information on the stone used to make the lime, as well as on the technology used in the manufacturing phases and in kiln firing, and enabled the binder/aggregate ratio to be evaluated.
